Stages of Disc Prolapse and Vertebral Degeneration

This model demonstrates varying degrees of degenerative alterations in the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine. Crafted from an authentic human lumbar spine cast, it precisely represents even the most delicate bone structures. The following conditions are depicted from top to bottom:

• Intervertebral disc in optimal condition
• Lumbar vertebra (L1) showing no degenerative alterations
• Intervertebral disc exhibiting protrusion
• Lumbar vertebra (L2) with initial degenerative changes
• Intervertebral disc with central prolapse
• Lumbar vertebra (L3) with significant degenerative changes
• Intervertebral disc with right-sided intraforaminal prolapse
• Lumbar vertebra (L4) with pronounced degenerative changes and bony narrowing of the left intervertebral foramen
• Severely constricted intervertebral disc
• Lumbar vertebra (L5) with pronounced degenerative changes and bony narrowing of the left intervertebral foramen, exerting pressure on the left L5 spinal nerve root.

The model is designed to be disassembled into individual vertebrae and intervertebral discs.
Comes with a base.